Can Dogs Eat Fish?

Numerous foods deemed safe for humans pose a threat to dogs, including chocolate, grapes, onions, and garlic. However, when it comes to fish, the situation changes. Dogs can indeed consume fish, offering a diverse addition to their diet.

There are various ways to present fish to your canine companion. Whether it’s wild-caught or store-bought, it’s safe for your dog as long as it’s pre-cooked and free of bones. Additionally, dogs can enjoy various cooked seafood, including shellfish, providing a wide range of feeding options.

Prepare to cast a line and discover essential information on safely sharing fish with your dog.

What Types Of Fish Can Dogs Eat?

Exciting news! According to Dr. Gary Richter, founder of Ultimate Pet Nutrition and author of Longevity for Dogs, dogs can indulge in various fish types. However, caution is necessary. Dr Richter advises that fish must be cooked due to potential issues with raw varieties, especially salmon and trout, which can cause salmon poisoning.

Mercury content is another crucial consideration. All fish contain some mercury absorbed from water bacteria. Excessive mercury can be harmful to dogs (and humans). Veterinary nutritionist Laura Gaylord suggests applying similar guidelines for humans to minimize potential contaminants. Opt for fish with lower mercury levels, including sardines, herring, salmon, mackerel, trout, and tilapia. Tuna is acceptable but in moderation.

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As for bones, Alyssa Ralph, a canine nutritionist, assures that small, flexible fish bones, like those in tinned sardines, typically pose no issue for dogs. Nevertheless, it’s advisable to check for bones before serving. If opting for canned fish, choose varieties in water, not oil. Larger fish, however, may present a choking hazard or cause digestive tract punctures; hence, removing bones is crucial.

Can Dogs Eat Raw Fish?

Feeding your dog raw fish is not advisable due to potential health risks. Raw fish may harbor harmful parasites and bacteria, including E. coli, the bacteria found in raw meat that can trigger food poisoning. Salmon poisoning is a specific concern, manifesting symptoms like vomiting, lethargy, and diarrhea, and, if untreated, could result in death. E.coli can also induce similar stomach and intestinal-related issues, emphasizing the importance of avoiding raw fish in your dog’s diet.

How Should You Prep & Cook Fish For Your Dog?

When preparing fish and shellfish for your dog, adopt the same approach as you would for humans. Ensure the internal temperature reaches a minimum of 145℉ (62.8℃) before serving, using a cooking thermometer for verification. Proper storage is equally crucial if the dish is not served immediately.

Following FDA guidelines, veterinary nutritionist Laura Gaylord recommends promptly placing fresh or frozen fish (not canned) in the fridge or freezer after purchase. If refrigerating, maintain the temperature below 40℉ and serve the fish within two days. To prevent bacterial cross-contamination, store different types of fish and seafood separately.

When offering a piece of fish to your dog, Gaylord advises consumption within 30 minutes. Discard any leftovers after 2 hours at room temperature or 1 hour in temperatures exceeding 90℉. Deboning and thorough cooking are essential. If your dog snacks on a fish while swimming, the risk of illness is generally low, but monitor for gastrointestinal symptoms.

For cooking methods, canine nutritionist Alyssa Ralph prefers roasting, boiling, grilling, poaching, steaming, braising, and air frying, with a preference for avoiding excess oil. Steaming, identified as the optimal method in a 2022 study for nutrient preservation, is recommended. Additionally, it’s advisable to cook fish without typical human seasonings like garlic, black pepper, and salt, as they may cause stomach upset or toxicity in dogs.

Is Fish Good For Dogs?

Fish are rich in a variety of vitamins, minerals, and nutrients that are beneficial for dogs, including the following essential elements:

• Vitamin D
• Calcium
• Phosphorus
• Iron
• Zinc
• Iodine
• Magnesium
• Potassium

According to Dr. Gary Richter, founder of Ultimate Pet Nutrition, these nutrients are crucial in promoting optimal body function, supporting the immune system, and maintaining overall strength and health in dogs.

Protein

Fish serves as an excellent protein source, with a 100g piece of salmon containing approximately 22g of protein. Protein is vital for building and supporting your dog’s muscles, tendons, skin, nails, and nervous system. However, it’s crucial not to go overboard, as excessive protein consumption in dogs has been associated with changes in gut bacteria, inflammation, and kidney dysfunction. If unsure about how much protein to feed your canine, consult your vet or a dog nutritionist.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids:

“Fish contains high levels of omega-3 fatty acids, which are highly beneficial to both animals and humans,” explains Richter. Research links omega-3 in dogs to improved vitality, coat appearance, metabolism, and a lower risk of heart disease. Additionally, dogs can obtain omega-3 through fish oil.

Potential Risks of Fish for Dogs:

While we’ve discussed hazards like fish bones, raw or improperly cooked fish, and high mercury consumption, there are additional risks to consider:

1. High-Fat Content: Certain fish, like salmon, mackerel, and tuna, boast high-fat content. “These are generally healthy fats, including omega-3 fatty acids,” says Gaylord. However, these fish might not be suitable for dogs with sensitive gastrointestinal tracts, a history of pancreatitis, or fat intolerances. In such cases, leaner fish with lower fat content, such as whitefish (cod and haddock), maybe a better choice. When in doubt, confirm with your veterinarian.
2. Nutritional Imbalances: Consuming large amounts of whole fish may lead to nutrient imbalances, including excess vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, or calories, warns Gaylord. High-calorie intake can result in weight gain, while extra vitamin D may cause toxicity. To ensure your dog’s safety, limit fish consumption and consider it an occasional treat. Gaylord recommends restricting treats to no more than 10% of your dog’s daily calories to avoid unbalancing the daily diet or causing inappropriate weight gain.
3. Allergies and Sensitivities: Dogs can be allergic or intolerant to various food ingredients, including fish. Fortunately, fish allergies are less common than dairy, wheat, or eggs. If your dog has existing food allergies and sensitivities, especially to fats, consult your vet to ensure offering fish is safe and appropriate.

How Much Fish Can A Dog Safely Eat?

The amount of fish suitable for your dog depends on various factors, such as age, weight, breed, and activity level. Dr. Richter emphasizes that there is no specific safe serving size, as safety considerations involve factors like mercury levels, which vary among different fish types.

If you intend to offer fish as a regular treat, Dr Richter suggests incorporating it into their daily diet, ensuring it constitutes no more than 10% of their daily calorie intake. It’s essential to be mindful of healthier options regarding fat and nutritional content.

Can Dogs Eat Shellfish & Other Seafood?

Dogs aren’t limited to fish; they can also enjoy shellfish and other seafood. This includes smaller options like mussels, oysters, clams, cockles and giant shellfish such as crab and lobster.

When offering shellfish, ensure it is fresh and thoroughly cooked. Provide only the ‘meat’ of the shellfish, removing any shells as they can have sharp edges, posing a choking hazard and potential harm to your dog’s internal organs. In case your dog accidentally consumes any surface, contact your vet promptly.

Conclusion

Yes, dogs can eat fish, providing a valuable source of protein, omega-3 fatty acids, and essential nutrients. However, careful considerations are crucial. Fish should be cooked, avoiding raw varieties to prevent the risk of parasites. Mercury levels in certain fish need attention, and bones should be removed to prevent choking hazards. While fish offers health benefits, moderation is critical due to potential risks associated with high-fat content, nutritional imbalances, and allergies. Consulting with a veterinarian ensures a tailored approach based on the dog’s specific needs, weight, and overall health, allowing for including fish as a safe and nutritious part of their diet.